Conflict

Fortifications

  • What factors led to certain sites being fortified?
  • To what extent did military considerations shape the design of castles? How different were castles from other forms of elite residence?
  • Were tower houses more about status than defence?
  • What factors led to the construction of bastles? What can we learn about the socio-economic status of the people who inhabited bastles?
  • Can we find evidence of fortifications being burnt or razed?
  • What can we learn about sieges in South-East Scotland?
  • How did artillery weapons affect the design of fortifications?
  • What can we learn about the trace-italienne fortifications constructed in southern Scotland during the sixteenth century?
  • What role did earth and wood defences play in fortifications? Do we underestimate the significance of earthen defences in the later medieval period?
  • What can we discover about defences for harbours and burghs?

Battlefields

  • Can we more securely identify the sites of major battles?
  • What were army camps like before and after major battles? Where were such camps located?
  • How much was left behind on a medieval battlefield after the scavenging process had ended?
  • What happened to the bodies of people killed in battle? To what extent were there mass graves? Where were mass graves located?

Weapons and Military Equipment

  • How did the arms and armour used in South-East Scotland develop over the course of the medieval period?
  • How did the armour used by Scots compare to that used by foreign forces (notably English and French)?
  • What can we discover about the use of light and heavy cavalry?
  • What can learn about the production and adoption of artillery weapons in South-East Scotland?

Wider Impact of Conflict

  • How much devastation was caused by major military campaigns (e.g. Wars of Independence, Anglo-Scottish conflicts of 1540s)?
  • What other forms of disruption did major military campaigns cause in South-East Scotland during the medieval period?
  • What can we discover about how medieval armies were supplied?
  • What impact did raiding activity have on life in South-East Scotland?
  • How did the presence of foreign garrisons (especially English and French) affect surrounding communities?
  • How did naval warfare affect South-East Scotland during the medieval period?