Settlement and Domesticity

Rural Settlement

  • To what extent did rural settlements grow during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? Why did some communities expand whilst others contracted?
  • How did periods of economic depression affect rural communities?
  • How did agricultural practices change over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
  • What can we discover about the processes by which agriculture was mechanised?
  • What can we discover about animal husbandry during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
  • How did industrialisation affect rural communities?
  • How did ideas of improvement affect rural communities during the modern period?
  • How did the design of rural dwellings alter in the centuries after 1800?
  • What can we learn about the homes of labourers and the rural poor?
  • To what extent did planned villages differ from other rural communities of the same period?
  • To what extent were rural communities able to acquire consumer goods? How did patterns of consumption change during the modern period?
  • What can we discover about facilities in rural communities (e.g. post offices, schools, village halls)?
  • How did the provision of utilities (e.g. drinking water, drainage, electricity) change in rural areas during the modern period?
  • What was the nature of the connections between rural communities and the wider world?
  • What can we learn about the experiences of travelling communities in South-East Scotland (e.g. Romani Gypsies, Scottish Travellers, and Showmen)?

Urban Settlement

  • What can we learn about migration to and from towns during the modern period? How did immigration affect towns in South-East Scotland during the modern period?
  • How did growing industrialisation impact towns in South-East Scotland?
  • To what extent did the nineteenth and twentieth centuries see a growing separation between workplaces and homes?
  • How have perceptions and realities of social class affected town planning in the region? To what extent did different socio-economic groups become more spatially separated during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about the development of suburbs? To what extent was suburban development planned?
  • How did life in small towns compare to life in major urban centres? What distinctive trends and experiences can we find in small towns?
  • What can we learn about the provision of utilities (e.g. gas, water, sewage management)?
  • How did street furniture change over the modern period?
  • How much variety was there in living standards in urban areas?
  • What can we discover about vernacular architecture in urban communities?
  • What can we learn about tenements and other forms of communal dwellings?
  • What can we learn about the development and design of social housing over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
  • What can we discover about the so-called ‘slum clearances’? How did patterns of clearance and redevelopment change over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
  • What can we discover about waste and derelict properties in towns? What factors lead to dereliction during the modern period?
  • How did gardens and green spaces within and immediately adjacent to urban areas change during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about the development of allotments in the region?
  • How did the design of educational establishments change during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about the changing use and design of libraries?
  • What can we discover about the development of civic buildings during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about public monuments? How has their design and purpose changed over the modern period?
  • What can we learn about crime and punishment?
  • What can we learn about fires, floods and other crises? What safety measures were put in place to prevent fires? How did these change over the modern period?

High-Status Residences

  • To what extent did the design of elite dwellings in South-East Scotland follow national and international fashions?
  • How did the design and use of elite gardens and parks evolve during the modern period?
  • To what extent were post-1800 designed landscapes shaped by earlier forms of land use?
  • What can we learn about agriculture and industry on elite estates and the structures associated with these activities?
  • What can we learn about the lives of servants and estate workers? How did their experiences change over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
  • When were new means of lighting and power adopted on rural estates? What can we learn about plumbing, lighting, heating, and other utilities?
  • Were great estates hubs of innovation or bastions of tradition in South-East Scotland?
  • Did newly monied landowners manage their properties in different ways from established gentry families?
  • What were the homes and lands of the minor gentry like? How did they compare to wealthier aristocratic houses and estates?
  • What factors led some estates to decline / fail?
  • What impact did the world wars have on great houses and estates in South-East Scotland?

Health and Diet

  • How was food preserved and stored? Were there significant differences between urban and rural approaches to food storage?
  • Can we discover more about patterns of spoilage / waste of food?
  • How was food prepared and served?
  • What can we discover about the relationship between food and social status?
  • How did industrialisation affect health and diet?
  • How did globalisation influence diets in South-East Scotland?
  • To what extent did the amount of locally produced food decline during the modern period? When were the major periods of change in the consumption of local versus imported foods?
  • Can we see the impact of the world wars on diets in the region?
  • How much evidence is there for malnutrition in South-East Scotland during the modern period?
  • To what extent did diets improve during the modern period?
  • What can we discover about changing patterns of personal hygiene in South-East Scotland during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about the impact of different occupations on health?
  • What can we learn about the experience and management of epidemics during the modern period?
  • What can we discover about the work of doctors, nurses, and pharmacists during the modern period?
  • How did the design of hospitals, asylums, convalescent homes, and other health-related institutions evolve over the modern period?
  • What can we learn about the treatment of the mentally ill during the modern period?
  • To what extent did the residents of South-East Scotland become healthier during the modern period?

Leisure and Entertainment

  • How did mass tourism affect South-East Scotland during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about historic hotels in the region?
  • How did the design, location, and significance of inns and pubs change during the modern period?
  • How did the design of theatres, dance halls, cinemas, and other places of entertainment evolve during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about musical instruments and performance spaces?
  • How did public parks and gardens change during the modern period? What can we learn about their facilities (e.g. bandstands, playgrounds, bowling greens, ponds)?
  • How does the design and purpose of botanical gardens change during the modern period?
  • What can we discover about sports played in South-East Scotland during the modern period? How did sporting facilities and equipment develop over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
  • How did the use and design of venues for spectator sports evolve during the modern period?
  • What can we learn about swimming (both in open water and in purpose-built pools)? What infrastructure was associated with swimming / bathing? How did this change over time?
  • What can we learn about piers, promenades, shelters, and other recreational structures by the sea?
  • What can we find out about the development of recreational rowing, sailing, and other water sports in the region?
  • What can we discover about curling, skating, and other winter sports in the region?
  • What can we discover about the evolution of menageries and zoos in the region?
  • How did the treatment of pets change during the modern period? What types of animals were kept as pets and in what conditions?
  • What can we learn about cockfighting in South-East Scotland during the nineteenth century?
  • What can we discover about hunting, shooting, fishing, and other bloodsports in the region? What impact have these sports had on the environment? How have they affected surrounding communities?
  • How did men’s and women’s recreational activities compare? To what extent was recreation segregated by gender?
  • What can we discover about children’s play and how it changed over the modern period?

Clothing and Dress

  • How far did clothing in South-East Scotland align with national and international fashions?
  • What can we discover about tailors, seamstresses, and milliners and the places where they worked?
  • How did the rise in the mass-production of goods affect costume in South-East Scotland?
  • To what extent were clothing and accessories locally produced during the modern period?
  • What can we discover about the mending and repairing of clothing and accessories?
  • What can we learn about laundries and the cleaning of clothes?