9.7 Bibliography

back to the top


Abrahams, P W, Entwistle, J A and Dodgshon, R A 2010 ‘The Ben Lawers Historic Landscape Project: simultaneous multi-element analysis of former settlement and arable soils by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry’, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 17(3), 231–248.


Aitken, W G, MacLaren, A and Scott, I G 1962 ‘Two Bronze Age cist burials. Lochlands Farm, Rattray’, Proceedings of The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 95, 126–131.


Alcock, L, Alcock, E A and Driscoll, S T 1984 ‘Reconnaissance excavations on Early Historic fortifications and other royal sites of Scotland, 1974-84: 3, Excavations at Dundurn, Strathearn, Perthshire, 1976-77’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 199, 189–226.


Anderson, J 1898 ‘Excavation of the Roman station at Ardoch. III: Notices of the pottery, bronze and other articles discovered during the excavations’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 32(1897–8), 453–471.


Armit, I and McKenzie, J 2013 An inherited place: Broxmouth Hillfort and the south-east Scottish Iron Age. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh.


Armit I, Swindles G T, Becker, K, Plunkett, G and Blaauw, M 2014 ‘Rapid climate change did not cause population collapse at the end of the European Bronze Age’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 17045–17049.


Asouti, E and Austin, P 2005 ‘Reconstructing woodland vegetation and its relation to human societies, based on the analysis and interpretation of archaeological wood charcoal macroremains’, Environmental Archaeology 10, 1–18. 


Atkinson, J, Dalglish C, Dixon, N, Donnelly, M, Harrison, J, Lelong, O, and MacGregor, G 2016 Ben Lawers: an archaeological landscape in time. Results from the Ben Lawers Historic Landscape Project, 1996–2005. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 62. DOI: 10.9750/issn.1473-3803.2016.62

back to the top


Balasse, M, Tresset, A and Ambrose, S H 2006 ‘Stable isotope evidence (13C, 18O) for winter feeding on seaweed by Neolithic sheep of Scotland’, Journal of Zoology 270, 170–176.


Ballantyne, C K and Dawson, A G 2003 ‘Geomorphology and landscape change’, in Edwards, K J and Ralston, I B M (eds) Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000BC–AD1000. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, 23–44.


Ballin, T B, Saville, A, Tipping, R, Ward, T, Housley, R, Verrill, L, Bradley, M, Wilson, C, Lincoln, P and MacLeod, A 2018 Reindeer Hunters at Howburn Farm, South Lanarkshire. A Late Hamburgian settlement in southern Scotland – its lithic artefacts and natural environment. Archaeopress: Oxford.


Banks, I B J 1996 Rural society and settlement: isolated monuments and farming communities in northern and western Scotland in the late Atlantic Iron Age. Unpublished PhD thesis in Archaeology: University of Glasgow.


Barclay, G J 1983 ‘Sites of the third millennium BC to the first millennium AD at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 122–281.


Barclay, G J 2001 ‘The excavation of an early medieval enclosure at Upper Gothens, Meikleour, Perthshire’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 7, 34–44.


Barclay, G and Maxwell, G 1998 The Cleaven Dyke and Littleour: monuments in the Neolithic of Tayside. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh.


Barclay, G J, Brophy, K and MacGregor, G 2002 ‘Claish, Stirling: an Early Neolithic structure in its context’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 132, 65–137.


Barnetson, L P D 1982 ‘Animal husbandry. Clues from Broxmouth’, in Harding, D W (ed) Later prehistoric settlement in south-east Scotland. Dept. of Archaeology Occasional Paper No. 8. University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh.


Barnetson, L P D 1983a ‘Identifiable burnt animal bone from the barrow at North Mains’, in Barclay, G ‘Sites of the third millennium BC to the first millennium AD at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 122–281.


Barnetson, L P D 1983b ‘Identifiable burnt animal bone from the henge monument at North Mains’, in Barclay, G ‘Sites of the third millennium BC to the first millennium AD at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 122–281.


Barrett, J H, and Richards, M P 2004 ‘Identity, gender, religion and economy: new isotope and radiocarbon evidence for marine resource intensification in early historic Orkney, Scotland, UK’, European Journal of Archaeology 7(3), 249–271.


Barton, T 2015 ‘Perth and Kinross, Broich Road, Crieff, Excavation’, Discovery and Excavation in Scotland New Series 15, 159–160. 


Bastin, J F, Finegold, Y, Garcia, C, Mollicone, D, Rezende, M, Routh, D, Zoher, C M and Crowther, T W 2019 ‘The global tree restoration potential’, Science 365, 76–79.


Beaumont, J, Geber, J, Powers, N, Wilson, A, Lee-Thorp, J, and Montgomery, J 2013 ‘Victims and survivors: Stable isotopes used to identify migrants from the Great Irish Famine to 19th century London’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 150(1), 87–98. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22179.


Bennion, H, Carvalho, L, Sayer, C D, Simpson, G L and Wischnewski, J 2012 ‘Identifying from recent sediment records the effects of nutrients and climate on diatom dynamics in Loch Leven’, Freshwater Biology 57, 2015–2029.


Bishop, R R, Church, M J and Rowley-Conwy, A 2010 ‘Cereals, fruits and nuts in the Scottish Neolithic’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 139, 47–103.


Bishop, R R, Church, M J and Rowley-Conwy, A 2014 ‘Seeds, fruits and nuts in the Scottish Mesolithic’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 143, 9–71.


Blanchard, L 1983 ‘An excavation at 45 Canal Street Perth 1978–9’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 489–519.


Bleasdale, M, Ponce, P, Radini, A, Wilson, A S, Doherty, S, Daley, P et al 2019 ‘Multidisciplinary investigations of the diets of two post-medieval populations from London using stable isotopes and microdebris analysis’, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11(11), 6161–6181. doi: 10.1007/s12520-019-00910-8.


Boardman, S 1995 ‘The charred plant remains’, in Stevenson, S ‘The excavation of a kerbed cairn at Hill House, Couper Angus, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 233.


Booton, H W 1988 ‘Inland Trade: A Study of Aberdeen in the Later Middle Ages’, in Lynch, M, Spearman, M and Stell, G (eds) The Scottish Medieval Town. Bell & Bain: Glasgow, 148–160.


Bowes, J P, 2019 Soil erosion on buried archaeological sites in arable areas: a modelling approach. Unpublished PhD thesis in Natural Sciences: University of Stirling.


Bowler, D P 2004 Perth, the archaeology and development of a Scottish burgh. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee Monograph Three Tafac: Perth.


Bowler, D P, Coleman, R, Perry, D, and Robertson, N 2004 Perth: the archaeology and development of a Scottish burgh. Historic Scotland/Burns & Harris: Dundee.


Bowler, D, Cox, A and Smith, C 1995 ‘Four excavations in Perth, 1979–8’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 917–999.


Bownes, J 2018 Reassessing the Scottish Mesolithic-Neolithic transition: questions of diet and chronology. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Glasgow.


Braadbart, F and Poole, I 2008 ‘Morphological, chemical and physical changes during charcoalification of wood and its relevance to archaeological contexts’, Journal of Archaeological Science 35(9), 2434–2455. 


Britton, K 2017 ‘A stable relationship: isotopes and bioarchaeology are in it for the long haul’, Antiquity 91(358), 853–864. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2017.98.


Britton, K, Grimes, V, Niven, L, Steele, T, McPherron, S, Soressi, M et al 2011 ‘Strontium isotope evidence for migration in late Pleistocene Rangifer: implications for Neanderthal hunting strategies at the Middle Palaeolithic site of Jonzac, France’, Journal of Human Evolution 61, 176–185.


Britton, K, McManus-Fry, E, Cameron, A, Duffy, P, Masson-MacLean, E, Czére, O et al 2018 ‘Isotopes and new norms: Investigating the emergence of early modern U.K. breastfeeding practices at St. Nicholas Kirk, Aberdeen’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 28, 510–522. doi: doi:10.1002/oa.2678.


Brophy, K and Noble, G 2020 Prehistoric Forteviot: excavations of a ceremonial complex in eastern Scotland. Council for British Archaeology: York.


Burt, N M 2013 ‘Stable isotope ratio analysis of breastfeeding and weaning practices of children from medieval Fishergate House York, UK’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 152(3), 407–416.

back to the top


Cachart, R 2008 ‘Excavations at the new Kinross High School site, Lethangie, Kinross’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 14, 26–55.


Campbell, G, Moffett, L and Straker, V 2011 A guide to the theory and practice of methods, from sampling and recovery to post-excavation (second edition), English Heritage.


Carey, C, Howard, A J, Knight, D, Corcoran, J and Heathcote, J 2018 ‘Deposit modelling and archaeology’ https://www.brighton.ac.uk/_pdf/research/set-groups/deposit-modelling-and-archaeology-volume.pdf


Carter, S 1993 ‘Micromorphological analysis’, in Rogers, I M ‘Dalginross and Dun: excavations at two Roman camps’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 123, 277–290, at 283–285.


Carter, S 1995 ‘The Soil Micromorphology’, in Stevenson, S ‘The excavation of a kerbed cairn at Hill House, Couper Angus, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 228–230.


Carter, S 2001 ‘A reassessment of the origins of the St Andrews ‘garden soil’’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 7, 87–92.


Caseldine, C 1983 ‘Palynological evidence for early cereal cultivation in Strathearn’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 112, 39–47.


Caseldine, C and Fyfe, R 2006 ‘A modelling approach to locating and characterising elm decline/landnam landscapes’, Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 632–644.


Caseldine, C J 1980 Aspects of the vegetation history of South-East Perthshire. Biology. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of St Andrews.


Clapham, A and Scaife, R 1998 ‘A pollen and plant macrofossil investigation of Oakbank Crannog, Loch Tay, Scotland’, in Murphy, P and French, C (eds) The exploitation of wetlands. British Archaeological Report British Series 186. Publisher: Oxford, 295–325.


Close-Brooks, J 1985 ‘Appendix 1. The Prehistoric Finds’, in Stewart, M E C ‘The excavation of a henge, stone circle and metal-working area at Moncreiffe, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 115, 142–148.


Coleman, R 1996 ‘Burgage plots of medieval Perth: the evidence from excavations at Canal Street’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland126, 689–732.


Coleman, R 2004 ‘The archaeology of burgage plots in Scottish medieval towns: a review’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 134, 281–323.


Coleman, R 2004 ‘The archaeology of burgage plots in Scottish medieval towns: a review’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 134, 281–323.


Coleman, R and Hunter, F 2002 ‘The excavation of a souterrain at Shanzie Farm, Alyth, Perthshire’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 8, p77-101.


Coleman, R J 1996 ‘Burgage plots of medieval Perth: the evidence from excavations at Canal Street’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 126, 689–732.


Cook, M, Humble, J, Roger, K, Strachan, D and Nicol, S 2018 Castle Law Hillfort, Abernethy, Perth and Kinross. Archaeological Evaluation Data Structure Report. AOC 23024 for Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust.


Cook, M, Strachan, D, Nicol, S, Humble, J, McLaren, D and Douglas, C 2014 Moncreiffe Hillfort Archaeological Evaluation Data Structure Report. AOC 22849 for Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust.


Coppins, S and Coppins, B J 2012 ‘Atlantic Hazel Scotland’s special woodlands’. Pub. Atlantic Hazel Action Group. 


Coupar Angus Rental 1880 Rogers, C R (ed) Rental Book of the Cistercian Abbey of Cupar-Angus. 2 vols. Grampian Club: London.


Cowie, T and Ritchie, G 1991 ‘Bronze Age burials at Gairneybank, Kinross-shire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 121, 95–109.


Cox, A 1996 ‘Backland activities in medieval Perth: excavations at Meal Vennel and Scott Street’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 126, 733–821.


Cox, A 2007 ‘Excavations at the Horse Cross, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 13, 112–206.


Cressey, M 2015 ‘Charcoal identification report new primary school, Broich Road, Crieff’. CFA Report Unpublished Interim Report. 


Cressey, M and Anderson, S 2011 A Later Prehistoric settlement and metalworking site at Seafield West, near Inverness, Highland. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 47. https://doi.org/10.5284/1017938


Crone, A 2014 ‘Dendrochronological Studies of Alder (Alnus glutinosa) on Scottish Crannogs’, Journal of Wetland Archaeology 14, 22–33.


Cuenca-García, C 2013 The interface of geophysical & geochemical survey at Scottish archaeological sites. Exploring the potential of an integrated approach for archaeological prospection. Unpublished PhD thesis in Archaeology: University of Glasgow.


Cuenca-García, C 2019 ‘Soil geochemical methods in archaeo-geophysics: exploring a combined approach at sites in Scotland’, Archaeological Prospection 26(1), 57–72.


Cullingford, R A Caseldine, C J and Gotts, P E 1980 ‘Early Flandrian land and sea-level changes in Lower Strathearn’, Nature 284, 159–161.


Cullingford, R A, Caseldine, C and Gotts, P E 1989 ‘Early Flandrian land and sea level changes in Lower Strathearn’, Nature 284, 159–161.


Curtis-Summers, S, Montgomery, J, and Carver, M 2014 ‘Stable isotope evidence for dietary contrast between Pictish and medieval populations at Portmahomack, Scotland’, Medieval Archaeology 58(1), 21–43. doi: doi:10.1179/0076609714Z.00000000030.


Curtis-Summers, S, Pearson, J A, and Lamb, A L 2020 ‘From Picts to parish: Stable isotope evidence of dietary change at medieval Portmahomack, Scotland’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 31, 102303.


Czére, O 2020 From the Dark Ages to the medieval state: a diachronic isotopic study of dietary change in Scotland, from the early to the high medieval period. Unpublished PhD Thesis: University of Aberdeen.


Czére, O, Fawcett, J, Evans, J, Sayle, K L, Müldner, G, Hall, M et al (in press) ‘Multi-isotope analysis of the human skeletal remains from Blair Atholl, Perth & Kinross, Scotland: insights into the diet and lifetime mobility of an early medieval individual’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal.

back to the top


d’Alpoim Guedes, J A, Crabtree, S A, Bocinsky, R K and Kohler, T A 2016 ‘Twenty-first century approaches to ancient problems: climate and society’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, 14483–14491.


Dalglish, C 2012 ‘Scotland’s medieval countryside: evidence, interpretation, perception’, in Christie, N and Stamper, P (eds) Medieval rural settlement, Britain and Ireland: AD 800–1600. Windgather Press: Oxford, 270–286.


Dark, P 2006 ‘Climate deterioration and land-use change in the first millennium BC: perspectives from the British palynological record’, Journal of Archaeological Science 33, 1381–1395.


Davidson, D A and Wilson, C A 2006 An Assessment of Potential Soil Indicators for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage – Final 1080 Report. University of Stirling: Stirling.


Davidson, D A, Wilson, C A, Meharg, A A, Deacon, C and Edwards, K J 2007 ‘The legacy of past manuring practices on soil contamination in remote rural areas’, Environment International 33(1), 78–83.


Davies, A L 2019 ‘Dung fungi as an indicator of large herbivore dynamics in peatlands’, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 271, 104–108.


Davies, A L and Watson, F 2007 ‘Understanding the changing value of natural resources: an integrated palaeoecological-historical investigation into grazing-woodland interactions by Loch Awe, Western Highlands of Scotland’, Journal of Biogeography 34, 1777–1791.


Dawson, S and Cressey, M 2010 ‘A study of the inter-tidal peat at Carpow Bank’, in Strachan, D (ed) Carpow in context: A Late Bronze Age logboat from the Tay. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh, page range.


Dawson, S, Duck, R and Young, L 2014 ‘Tay Landscape Partnership. Ice Age Modern Coastline’. Unpublished report commissioned by the Tay Landscape Partnership.


de Moulins, D and Murphy, P 2001 Review of plant macrofossils from sites in the East of England and the East and West Midlands. Draft report. English Heritage: London.


Dhaliwal, K, Rando, C, Reade, H, Jourdan, A-L and Stevens, R E 2020 ‘Socioeconomic differences in diet: An isotopic examination of post-Medieval Chichester, West Sussex’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 171(4), 584–597. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23984.


Dickson, C and Dickson, J 2000. Plants and People in Ancient Scotland. Tempus: Stroud.


Dickson, J H and Brough, D W 1989 ‘Biological studies of a Pictish midden’, in Korber-Grohne, U (ed), ‘Archaobotanik. Dissertationes Botanicae. 133. Scotland, Tayside’, 155–166.


Ditchburn, D 1988 ‘Trade with Northern Europe’, in Lynch, M, Spearman, M and Stell, G (eds) The Scottish Medieval Town. Bell & Bain: Glasgow, 161–179.


Dixon, N 1982 ‘A survey of crannogs in Loch Tay’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 112, 17–38.


Dobney, K and Ervynck, A 2007 ‘To fish or not to fish? Evidence for the possible avoidance of fish consumption during the Iron Age around the North Sea’, in Haselgrove, C and Moore, T (eds) The Later Iron Age in Britain and Beyond. Oxbow Books: Oxford, 403–418.


Dodgshon, R A 2004 ‘Coping with risk: subsistence crises in the Scottish Highlands and Islands, 1600–1800’, Rural History 15, 1–25.


Dodgshon, R A 2006 ‘The Little Ice Age in the Scottish Highlands and Islands: documenting its human impact’, Scottish Geographical Journal 112, 321–337.


Dores, J N and Wilkes, J J 1999. ‘Excavations directed by JD Leach and JJ Wilkes on the site of a Roman fortress and Carpow, Perthshire, 1964–79’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 129, 481–575.


Dransart, P Z, Bennett, H and Bogdan, N Q B 2012 ‘The Textiles’, in The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–77. Fascicule 3. The textiles and the leather. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 3–55.


Dumayne-Peaty, L 1998 ‘Human impact on the environment during the Iron Age and Romano-British times: palynological evidence from three sites near the Antonine Wall, Great Britain’, Journal of Archaeological Science 25, 203–214.


Dunwell, A 2007 Cist burials and an Iron Age settlement at Dryburn Bridge, Innerwick, East Lothian. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 24. https://doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2007.24

back to the top


Edwards, K J and Whittington, G 1998a ‘The palaeoenvironmental background: pollen studies at Rae Loch’, in Barclay, G and Maxwell, G (eds) The Cleaven Dyke and Littleour: monuments in the Neolithic of Tayside. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh, 5–12.


Edwards, K J and Whittington, G 1998b ‘Soil pollen beneath the Cleaven Dyke’, in Barclay, G and Maxwell, G (eds) The Cleaven Dyke and Littleour: monuments in the Neolithic of Tayside. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh, 42–46.


Edwards, K J and Whittington, G 2000 ‘Multiple charcoal profiles in a Scottish lake: taphonomy, fire ecology, human impact and inference’, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 164, 67–86.


Edwards, K J, Bennett, K D and Davies, A L 2019 ‘Palaeoecological perspectives on Holocene environmental change in Scotland’, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110, 199–217.


Edwards, K J, Whittington, G and Tipping, R 2000 ‘The incidence of microscopic charcoal in late glacial deposits’, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 164, 247–262. Acessed 29 April 2021. http://www.tafac.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/V26p7-20-Engl.pdf


Ellis, C 2017 ‘Soil Tests’, in O’Connell, C ‘An oval enclosure at Burnside, Blairgowrie’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 17, 1–9.


Ellis, C and Ritchie, M 2018 ‘The excavation of Na Clachan Aoraidh, a four poster stone circle in northern Perthshire’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 24, 21–38.


Engl, R 2020 ‘A palimpsest of pits: prehistoric and early medieval occupation at Bertha Park, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 26, 7–20.
Entwistle, J and Wilson, C 2007 ‘A comparison of XRF and nitric-extraction/ICP-AES for differentiating and interpreting soils from an abandoned rural township in Perthshire, Scotland’, Society of Archaeological Science Newsletter 30, 10–12.

back to the top


Fairweather, A 1997 ‘Botanical Remains’, in Moloney, C and Coleman, R, ‘The development of a medieval street frontage: evidence from exactions at 80-86 High Street, Perth’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127, 773–774.


Fairweather, A and Ralston, I 1993 ‘The Neolithic Timber Hall at Balbridie, Grampian Region, Scotland: the building, the date, the plant macrofossils’, Antiquity 67, 313–323.


Fairweather, A D 1989 ‘Appendix 1: Carbonized Grain’, in Gibson, A, ‘Medieval corn-drying kilns at Capo, Kincardineshire and Abercairny, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 118, 227–228.


Farrell, M 2015 ‘Later prehistoric vegetation dynamics and Bronze Age agriculture at Hobbister, Orkney, Scotland’, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 24, 467–486.


Fraser, J E 2009 From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh.


Fraser, M 2012 ‘The botanical remains’, in Perth High Street, archaeological excavation 1975–1977: Living and working in a medieval Scottish Burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee Fascicule Four. TAFAC: Perth, page range.

back to the top


Gauldie, E 1999 The Scottish country miller, 1700–1900. John Donald: Edinburgh (reprinted 1999).


Gibson, A 1989 ‘Medieval corn-drying kilns at Capo, Kincardineshire and Abercairny, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 118, 219–229.


Gowland, R L, Caffell, A, Newman, S, Levene, A, and Holst, M 2018 ‘Broken childhoods: rural and urban non-adult health during the Industrial Revolution in Northern England (eighteenth–nineteenth centuries)’, Bioarchaeology international 2(1), 44–62.

back to the top


Hall, D W H and Smith, C 2017 ‘The archaeology of medieval St Andrews’, in Brown, M and Stevenson, K Medieval St Andrews. Church, cult, city. Boydell Press: Woodbridge, 173–204.


Hall, D W H forthcoming Final report on excavations at Whitefriars Carmelite Friary, Perth.


Hanley, N, Davies, A, Angelopoulos, K, Hamilton, A, Ross, A, Tinch, D and Watson, F 2008 ‘Economic determinants of biodiversity change over a 400 year period in the Scottish uplands’, Journal of Applied Ecology 45, 1557–1565.


Hastie, M 2002 ‘The charred plant remains’, in Roy, M, ‘Excavation of the south-western bastion of Cromwell’s citadel on the South Inch, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 8, 162–163.


Hastie, M 2003 ‘The carbonised plant remains recovered from a Mesolithic site discovered at Cramond’ Unpublished report. Headland Archaeology: Edinburgh.


Hastie, M 2008 ‘Environmental samples’, in Cachart, R, ‘Excavations at the new Kinross High School site, Lethangie, Kinross’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 14, 50–52.


Hastie, M 2013 ‘Slackbuie Inverness, archaeobotanical analysis: report no 3043’ Unpublished report. CFA Archaeology Ltd: Edinburgh.


Hastie, M 2021 ‘5.9.3 charred plant remains’, in O’Connell, C and Anderson, S, Excavations in a prehistoric landscape at Blackford, Perth & Kinross, 2007-8, Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 93, 51–56.


Henderson, R C, Lee-Thorp, J, and Loe, L 2014 ‘Early life histories of the London poor using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope incremental dentine sampling’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 154(4), 585–593. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22554.


Henshall, A 1982 ‘The finds’, in Taylor, D B ‘Excavation of a promontory fort, broch and souterranian at Hurly Hawkin, Angus’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 112, 225–253.


Heppel, D, Smith, C and McKay, D 2011 ‘The mollusca’, in Hodgson, G W I et al The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–77. Living and working in a medieval Scottish burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Fascicule 4. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 60–62.


Historic England 2020 ‘Deposit modelling and archaeology. Guidance for mapping buried deposits’. https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/deposit-modelling-and-archaeology/


Hodgson, G W I 1983 ‘The animal remains from mediaeval sites within three burghs on the eastern Scottish seaboard’, in Proudfoot, B (ed) Site, environment and economy. BAR International Series 173. BAR: Oxford, 3–32.


Hodgson, G W I, Smith, C and Jones, A 2011 ‘The mammal bone’, in Hodgson, G W I et al The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–1977. Living and working in a medieval Scottish burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Fascicule 4. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 5–44.


Holden, T G and Walker, B 2012 Sunnybrae Cottage, Pitlochry. Historic Scotland: Edinburgh.


Holden, T, Hastie, M and Lyons, S 2008 ‘5.2 The carbonised plant remains’, in Cook, M and Dunbar, L Rituals, roundhouses and Romans: excavations at Kintore, Aberdeenshire 2000–2008. Scottish Trust for Archaeological Research: Edinburgh, 251–272.


Holdsworth, P (ed) 1987 Excavations in the medieval burgh of Perth 1979–1981. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph 5: Edinburgh.


Huisman, D J and Milek, K 2017 ‘Turf as constructional material’, in Nicosia, C and Stoops, G (eds) Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology. John Wiley and Sons Ltd: Chichester, 113–119.


Hulme, P and Shirriffs, J 1986 ‘Pollen analysis of a radiocarbon-dated core from North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 115, 105–113.

back to the top

back to the top


Jay, M and Richards, M P 2007 ‘British Iron Age diet: stable isotopes and other evidence’, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73, 169–190.


Jones, A K G 2011 ‘The fish bone’, in Hodgson, G W I et al The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–77. Living and working in a medieval Scottish burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Fascicule 4. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 53–57.


Jones, G 2000 ‘Evaluating the importance of cultivation and collecting in Neolithic Britain’, in Fairburn, A S (ed) Plants in Neolithic Britain and beyond. Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers. Oxbow: Oxford, 579–584.


Jones, G and Rowley-Conwy, P A 2007 ‘On the importance of cereal cultivation in the British Neolithic’, in Colledge, S and Conolly, J (eds), The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press: Walnut Creek, 391–419.


Jones, J R and Mulville, J 2016 ‘Isotopic and zooarchaeological approaches towards understanding aquatic resource use in human economies and animal management in the prehistoric Scottish North Atlantic Islands’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 6, 665–677. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.019.


Jones, J R, Richards, M P, Straus, L G, Reade, H, Altuna, J, Mariezkurrena, K et al 2018 ‘Changing environments during the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in the eastern Cantabrian Region (Spain): direct evidence from stable isotope studies on ungulate bones’, Scientific Reports 8(1), 14842. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32493-0.


Jones, M 1981 ‘The development of crop husbandry’ in Jones, M and Dimbleby, G (eds), The environment of man: The Iron Age to the Anglo-Saxon period. British Archaeological Report British Series 87. BAR: Oxford, 95–127.

back to the top


Keller, M, Spyrou, M A, Scheib, C L, Neumann, G U, Kröpelin, A, Haas-Gebhard, B, Päffgen, B, Haberstroh, J, Ribera i Lacomba, A, Raynaud, C, Cessford, C, Durand, R, Stadler, P, Nägele, K, Bates, J A, Trautmann, B, Inskip, S A, Peters, J, Robb, J E, Kivisild, T, Castex, D, McCormick, M, Bos, K I, Harbeck, M, Herbig, A and Krause, J 2019 ‘Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the first pandemic (541–750)’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Staes of America 116(25), 12363–72. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820447116. Accessed April 2021.


Kenward, H K, Hall, A R and Jones, A K G 1980 ‘A tested set of techniques for the selection of plant and animal macrofossils from, waterlogged archaeological deposits’, Science and Archaeology 22, 3–15. 


Kintigh, K W, Altschul, J H, Beaudry, M C, Drennan, R D, Kinzig, A P, Kohler, T A, Limp, W F, Maschner, H D G, Michener, W K, Pauketat, T R, Peregrine, P, Sabloff, J A, Wilkinson, T J, Wright, H T and Zeder, M A 2014 ‘Grand challenges for archaeology’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 879–880.


Kirby, M 2011 Lockerbie Academy: Neolithic and Early Historic timber halls, a Bronze Age cemetery and undated enclosure and a post-medieval corn-drying kiln in south-west Scotland. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, 46.

back to the top


Lamb, A L, Melikian, M, Ives, R and Evans, J 2012 ‘Multi-isotope analysis of the population of the lost medieval village of Auldhame, East Lothian, Scotland’, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 27(5), 765–777.


Lodwick, L 2019 ‘Agendas for Archaeobotany in the 21st Century: data, dissemination and new direction’, Internet Archaeology 53. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.53.7.

back to the top


MacGregor, G and Crystall, F H 1999 ‘The excavation and analysis of a field dyke at Cragganester, Loch Tayside’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 5, 139–145.


Mackay, H, Davies, K L, Robertson, J, Roy, L, Bull, I D, Whitehouse, N J, Crone, A, Cavers, G, McCormick, F, Brown, A G and Henderson, A C G 2020 ‘Characterising life in settlements and structures: Incorporating faecal lipid biomarkers within a multiproxy case study of a wetland village’, Journal of Archaeological Science 121, 105–202.


Macphail, R I, Courty, M A and Gebhardt, A 1990 ‘Soil micromorphological evidence of early agriculture in north-west Europe’, World Archaeology 22(1), 53–69.


Maldonado, A 2011 ‘What does early Christianity look like? Mortuary archaeology and conversion in Late Iron Age Scotland’ Scottish Archaeological Journal 33(1–2), 39–54.


Maldonado, A 2013 ‘Burial in Early Medieval Scotland: New Questions’, Medieval Archaeology 57(1), 1–34.


Mays, S 1998 The archaeology of human bones. Routledge: London.


Mays, S A 2005 ‘Tuberculosis as a zoonotic disease in antiquity’, in Davies, J, Fabis, M, Mainland, I, Richards, M and Thomas, R Diet and health in past animal populations. Current research and future developments. Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoolgy, Durham, August 2002. Oxbow Books: Oxford.


McCormick, F 1997 ‘Animal bone’, in Hingley, R, Moore, H L and Wilson, G ‘The excavation of two later Iron Age fortified homesteads at Aldclune, Blair Atholl, Perth and Kinross’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127, 446.


McCormick, F and Buckland, P C 1997 ‘Faunal change’, in Edwards, K and Ralston, I B M Scotland: environment and archaeology 8000 BC – AD 1000. Wiley and Sons: London, 83–108.


McKenzie, J T 2006 Deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland: a geoarchaeological and historical investigation into distribution, character, and conservation under modern land cover. Unpublished PhD thesis in Biological and Environmental Sciences: University of Stirling.


McKenzie, J T 2006 Deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland: a geoarchaeological and historical investigation into distribution, character, and conservation under modern land cover. Unpublished PhD thesis in Biological and Environmental Sciences: University of Stirling.


McKenzie, J T and Simpson, I A 2016 ‘Thin-section micromorphology’, in Atkinson, J A 2016. Ben Lawers: an archaeological landscape in time. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 62, 85–86.


McKinley, J 1994 Spong Hill part VIII, the cremations. East Anglian Archaeology 69. Norfolk Museums Service: Norwich. 


McSweeney, K 1997 ‘Animal bone’, in Mercer, R and Midgely, M S ‘The Early Bronze Age Cairn at Sketewan, Balnaguard, Perth and Kinross’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127, 318.


Mercer, R J and Midgley, M S 1997 ‘The Early Bronze Age cairn at Sketewan Balnaguard, Perth & Kinross’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 12, 281–338.


Milburn, P 1997 Palaeoenvironmental investigation into aspects of the vegetation history of north Fife and south Perthshire, Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Edinburgh.


Milek, K and Jones, R 2012 Science in Scottish Archaeology. Scottish Archaeological Research Framework: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Available online at http://tinyurl.com/d967gsz.


Miller, J and Ramsay, S 2004a ‘Palaeobotanical remains’, in Rees, A R ‘The excavation of prehistoric ad medieval features at Inchture, Perth and Kinross’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 10, 84–93.


Miller, J and Ramsay, S 2004b ‘The botanical remains’, in Brophy, K and Barclay, G J, ‘A rectilinear timber structure and post-ring at Carsie Mains, Meikleour, Perthshire’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 10, 8–17.


Miller, J J 1997 An archaeobotanical investigation of Oakbank Crannog, a prehistoric lake dwelling in Loch Tay, the Scottish Highlands. Unpublished PhD Thesis: University of Glasgow. http://these.gla.ac.uk/2169/


Miller, J J, Dickson, J H and Dixon, N T 1998 ‘Unusual food plants from Oakbank Crannog, Loch Tay, Scottish Highlands: cloudberry, opium poppy and spelt wheat’, Antiquity, 72 (278), 805–811.


Mitchell, J and Noble, G 2017 ‘The Monumental Cemeteries of Northern Pictland’, Medieval Archaeology 61(1), 1–40. doi: 10.1080/00766097.2017.1296031.


Mithen, S, Wicks, K, Pirie, A, Riede, F, Lane, C, Banerjea, R, Cullen, V, Gittins, M and Pankhurst, N 2015. ‘A Lateglacial archaeological site in the far north-west of Europe at Rubha Port an t-Seilich, Isle of Islay, western Scotland: Ahrensburgian-style artefacts, absolute dating and geoarchaeology’, Journal of Quaternary Science 30(5), 396–416.


Moloney, C and Coleman, R 1997 ‘The development of a medieval street frontage: the evidence from excavations at 80–86 High Street, Perth’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127, 767–773.


Montgomery, J, Beaumont, J, Jay, M, Keefe, K, Gledhill, A R, Cook, G T et al 2013 ‘Strategic and sporadic marine consumption at the onset of the Neolithic: increasing temporal resolution in the isotope evidence’, Antiquity 87(338), 1060–1072.


Moore, J, Rose, A, Anderson, S, Evans, J, Nowell, G, Gröcke, D R et al 2020 ‘A multi-isotope (C, N, O, Sr, Pb) study of Iron Age and Roman period skeletons from east Edinburgh, Scotland exploring the relationship between decapitation burials and geographical origins’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 29, 102075. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102075.


Müldner, G 2016 ‘Marine Fish Consumption in Medieval Britain: The Isotope Perspective from Human Skeletal Remains’, in Barrett, J H and Orton, D (eds) Cod and herring: the archaeology and history of medieval sea fishing. Oxbow: Oxford, 239–248.


Müldner, G and Richards, M P 2007 ‘Diet and diversity at later medieval fishergate: the isotopic evidence’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134(2), 162–174. doi: Doi 10.1002/Ajpa.20647.


Müldner, G, Montgomery, J, Cook, G, Ellam, R, Gledhill, A and Lowe, C 2009 ‘Isotopes and individuals: diet and mobility among the medieval Bishops of Whithorn’, Antiquity 83(322), 1119–1133.


Murray, H K, Murray, C J and Fraser, S M 2009 A Tale of Unknown Unknowns: A Mesolithic pit alignment and a Neolithic timber hall at Warren Field, Crathes, Aberdeenshire. Oxbow Books: Oxford.


Murray, R 2007 ‘Green Knowes Wind Farm, Glen Devon, Perthshire archaeological excavation report’, Unpublished Headland Report.

back to the top


Newman, S L and Gowland, R L 2017 ‘Dedicated followers of fashion? Bioarchaeological perspectives on socio‐economic status, inequality, and health in urban children from the Industrial Revolution (18th–19th C), England’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 27(2), 217–229. doi: 10.1002/oa.2531.


Newman, S L, Gowland, R L and Caffell, A C 2019 ‘North and south: A comprehensive analysis of non-adult growth and health in the industrial revolution (AD 18th–19th C), England’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169(1), 104–121. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23817.


Nevin, S 2018 Animal husbandry and the royal burgh of Perth: cattle, sheep and pig bones from nine sites. Unpublished MA Dissertation: University of Sheffield.


Nicol, S and Ballin, T B 2019 Freeland Farm, Perth and Kinross – a mainly late Mesolithic carnelian assemblage from the Lower Strathearn. Archaeology Reports Online 36. Accessed 22 November 2021. <https://www.archaeologyreportsonline.com/reports/2019/ARO36.html>


Nicol, S, Roger, K, Strachan, D, Wilson, S, Shaw, G, Cook, M, McLaren, D and McIvor, C 2017 Moredun Top, Moncrieffe Hill, Perth and Kinross. Archaeological Evaluation Phase 2 Data Structure Report. AOC 23223 for Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust.


Nehlich, O 2015 ‘The application of sulphur isotope analyses in archaeological research: a review’, Earth-Science Reviews 142, 1–17. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.12.002.


Nitsch, E K, Humphrey, L T and Hedges, R E M 2006 ‘Using stable isotope analysis to examine the effect of economic change on breastfeeding practices in Spitalfields, London, UK’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 146, 619–628.


Noble, G 2017 Woodland in the Neolithic of northern Europe: the forest as ancestor. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.


Noble, G, Gondek, M, Campbell, E, Evans, N, Hamilton, D and Taylor, S 2019 ‘A powerful place of Pictland: interdisciplinary perspectives on a power centre of the 4th to 6th centuries AD’, Medieval Archaeology 63(1), 56–94. doi: 10.1080/00766097.2019.1588529.

back to the top


O’Connell, C and Anderson, S 2021 Excavations in a prehistoric landscape at Blackford, Perth & Kinross, 2007–8. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 93. DOI: 10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.93


Oram, R D 2011 ‘Waste management and peri-urban agriculture in the early modern Scottish burgh’, The Agricultural History Review 59, 1–17.

back to the top


Pare, C P E 1983 ‘Phosphate surveys on the henge, mound and ring-ditches at North Mains’, in Barclay, G ‘Sites of the third millennium bc to the first millennium ad at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 122–281, at 269–270.


Parker Pearson, M, Brennand, M, Mulville, J and Smith, H 2018 Cille Pheadair: a Norse farmstead and Pictish burial cairn in South Uist. Oxbow: Philadelphia.


Parker Pearson, M, Sheridan, A, Jay, M, Chamberlain, A, Richards, M and Evans, J 2019 The Beaker People: isotopes, mobility and diet in prehistoric Britain. Oxbow Books: Oxford.


Parker, A G, Goudie, A S, Anderson, D E, Robinson, M A and Bonsal, C 2002 ‘A review of the mid-Holocene elm decline in the British Isles’, Progress in Physical Geography 26, 1–45.


Paterson, D and Tipping, R 2019 ‘Peat-stratigraphic and pollen-analytical evidence for environmental and land-use change’, in Strachan, D, Sneddon, D and Tipping, R Early medieval settlement in Upland Perthshire: excavations at Lair, Glen Shee 2012–17. Archaeopress: Oxford, 66–76.


Pederzani, S, Aldeias, V, Dibble, H L, Goldberg, P, Hublin, J-J, Madelaine, S et al 2021 ‘Reconstructing Late Pleistocene paleoclimate at the scale of human behavior: an example from the Neandertal occupation of La Ferrassie (France)’, Scientific Reports 11(1), 1419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80777-1.


Pellegrini, M, Pouncett, J, Jay, M, Pearson, M P and Richards, M P 2016 ‘Tooth enamel oxygen “isoscapes” show a high degree of human mobility in prehistoric Britain’, Scientific Reports 6, 34986. doi: 10.1038/srep34986https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34986#supplementary-information.


Perry, D and Coleman, R 2016 Brief Encounters: watching the medieval archaeology emerge from St John’s Square, Perth. ARO 21. Archaeology Reports Online. http://www.archaeologyreportsonline.com/PDF/ARO21_St_Johns_Square.pdf Accessed 29 April 2021.


Poller, T forthcoming SERF excavations (with animal bone reports by C Smith and R Whyte).

back to the top

back to the top


Ramsay, S 2020 ‘Section 2.7: Charcoal analysis’, in Strachan, D, Sneddon, D and Tipping, R Early medieval settlement in Upland Perthshire: excavations at Lair, Glen Shee 2012–17. Archaeopress: Oxford, 76–77.


Rees, A R 2004 ‘The excavation of prehistoric and medieval features at Incture, Perth & Kinross’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 10, 84–93.


Reid, V forthcoming Geoarchaeological approaches to Pictish settlement sites: assessing heritage at risk. PhD thesis: University of Durham.


Richards, M P and Hedges, R E M 1999 ‘A Neolithic revolution? New evidence of diet in the British Neolithic’, Antiquity 73(282), 891–897.


Richards, M P and Hedges, R E M 2003 ‘Variations in bone collagen delta C-13 and delta N-15 values of fauna from Northwest Europe over the last 40 000 years’, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 193(2), 261–267. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00229-3.


Richards, M P and Mellars, P A 2015 ‘Stable isotopes and the seasonality of the Oronsay middens’, Antiquity 72(275), 178–184. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00086373.


Richards, M P and Schulting, R J 2015 ‘Touch not the fish: the Mesolithic-Neolithic change of diet and its significance’, Antiquity 80(308), 444–456. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00093765.


Richards, M P and Trinkaus, E 2009 ‘Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(38), 16034–16039.


Richards, M P, Schulting, R J and Hedges, R E M 2003 ‘Sharp shift in diet at onset of Neolithic’, Nature 425, 366.


Rideout, J S 1995 ‘Carn Dubh, Moulin, Perthshire: survey and excavation of an archaeological landscape 1987–1990’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 139–195.


Rideout, J, Boardman, S, Carter, S, Dalland, M, Finlay, N, Henderson, J, MacSween, A, Mills, C, Newman, C, Shiels, J, Tipping, R, Turnbull, G, Unwin, C and Rideout, J S 1996 ‘Carn Dubh, Moulin, Perthshire: survey and excavation of an archaeological landscape 1987–90’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 139–195.


Robertson, A, Lochrie, J and Timpany, S 2013 ‘Built to last: Mesolithic and Neolithic settlement at two sites beside the Forth estuary Scotland’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 145, 73–136.


Robertson, J 2020 ‘Environmental evidence’, in Engl, R, ‘A palimpsest of pits: Prehistoric and early medieval occupation at Bertha Park, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 26, 13–15.


Romankiewicz, T 2019 ‘Turf worlds: towards understanding an understudied building material in rural Iron Age architecture – some thoughts in a Scottish context’, in Cowley, D C, Fernández-Götz, M, Romankiewicz, T and Wendling, H (eds) Rural settlement: relating buildings, landscape and people in the European Iron Age. Sidestone Press: Leiden, 135–142.


Romans, J C C and Robertson, L 1975 ‘Soils and archaeology in Scotland’, in Evans, J G, Limbrey, S and Cleere, H (eds.) The effect of man on the landscape: the Highland zone. Council for British Archaeology: London, 37–39.


Romans, J C C and Robertson, L 1983a ‘An account of the soils at North Mains’, in Barclay, G ‘Sites of the third millennium bc to the first millennium ad at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 122–281, at 260–269.


Romans, J C C and Robertson, L 1983b ‘The general effects of early agriculture on the soil’, in Maxwell, G S (ed) The impact of aerial reconnaissance on archaeology. CBA Research Report 49. Council for British Archaeology: London, 136–141.


Romans, J C C, Durno, S E and Robertson, L 1973 ‘A fossil brown forest soil from Angus’, Journal of Soil Science 24(1), 125–128.


Roy, L 2018 ‘Moredun Hillfort: Micromorphological Analysis’. Unpublished AOC Report.


Roy, M 2002 ‘Excavation of the south-western bastion of Cromwell’s citadel on the South Inch, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 8, 145–167.

back to the top


Salgado, J, Sayer, C, Carvalho, L, Davidson, T and Gunn, I 2010 ‘Assessing aquatic macrophyte community change through the integration of palaeolimnological and historical data at Loch Leven, Scotland’, Journal of Paleolimnology 43, 191–204.


Sansum, P 2005 ‘Argyll oakwoods: Use and ecological change, 1000 to 2000 AD – a palynological-historical investigation’, Botanical Journal of Scotland 57, 83–97.


Savory, G 2013 ‘Crieff, Broich Road, evaluation and excavation’, Discovery and Excavation in Scotland New Series 13, 145 


Schweingruber, F H 1992 Microscopic Wood Anatomy. Eidgenössiche Forschungsantalt für Wald, Schnee und Landchaft: Birmensdorf. 


Sheridan, A, Hall, D, Romera, A, Welch, N, O’Grady, O and Engl, R 2018 ‘Kilmagadwood Early Bronze Age cemetery: excavation and initial post-excavation research’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 24, 1–20. http://www.tafac.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/v24-Sheridan-et-al-p1-20.pdf Accessed 29 April 2021.


Simpson, I A and McKenzie, J T 2016a ‘Thin-section micromorphology’, in Atkinson, J A 2016 Ben Lawers: an archaeological landscape in time. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 62, 249–254.


Simpson, I A and McKenzie, J T 2016b ‘Thin-section micromorphology’, in Atkinson, J A 2016 Ben Lawers: an archaeological landscape in time. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 62, 257.


Simpson, I A and McKenzie, J T 2016c ‘Thin-section micromorphology’, in Atkinson, J A 2016 Ben Lawers: an archaeological landscape in time. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 62, 241.


Simpson, I A and McKenzie, J T 2016d ‘Thin-section micromorphology’, in Atkinson, J A 2016 Ben Lawers: an archaeological landscape in time. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 62,183–184.


Simpson, I and Davidson, D 1998 ‘Palaeosols of the Cleaven Dyke’, in Barclay, G and Maxwell, G (eds) The Cleaven Dyke and Littleour: monuments in the Neolithic of Tayside. Society of Antiquaries for Scotland Monograph Series, 13. Society of Antiquaries for Scotland: Edinburgh, 36–42.


Smith, C 1996 ‘Animal bone’, in Cox, A ‘Backland activities in medieval Perth: excavations at Meal Vennel and Scott Street’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 126, 792–795 and 812–813.


Smith, C 1998 ‘Dogs, cats and horses in the Scottish medieval town’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 128, 859–885.


Smith, C 1999 ‘The animal bone’, in Stewart, M E C, Atkinson, J Barclay, G J and Cox, A ‘Excavations at Allt na Moine Buidhe and Allt Lochan nan Losgunn, Perthshire’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal, 126.


Smith, C 2000 ‘A Grumphie in the Sty: an archaeological view of pigs in Scotland’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 130, 705–724.


Smith, C 2002 ‘The animal bone’, in Roy, M ‘Excavations of the south-western bastion of Cromwell’s citadel on the South Inch, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 5, 161–162.


Smith, C 2007 ‘Mammals, birds and mollusc shell’, in Cox, A ‘Excavations at the Horse Cross, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 13,186–198.


Smith, C 2011 ‘Conclusions: the environment of medieval Perth’, in Hodgson, G W I et al The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–77. Living and working in a medieval Scottish burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Fascicule 4. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 81–94.


Smith, C 2012 ‘The environment of medieval Perth’, in Perth High Street, Archaeological Excavation 1975-1977: Living and working in a medieval Scottish Burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee Fascicule Four. TAFAC: Perth.


Smith, C 2013 ‘The animal bone’, in Strachan, D Excavations at the Black Spout, Pitlochry and the Iron Age monumental roundhouses of north west Perthshire. Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust: Perth, 49–50.


Smith, C 2016 ‘The faunal remains’, in Perry, D and Coleman, R Brief Encounters: watching the medieval archaeology emerge from St John’s Square, Perth. ARO 21. Archaeology Reports Online. https://archaeologyreportsonline.com/PDF/ARO21_St_Johns_Square.pdf Accessed 29 April 2021.


Smith, C 2019a ‘Animal bone’, in Strachan, D, Sneddon, D and Tipping, R 2019 Early medieval settlement in Upland Perthshire: excavations at Lair, Glen Shee 2012–17. Archaeopress: Oxford, 104–106.


Smith, C 2019b ‘The animal bones from Tarradale’. Archive report for Tarradale Through Time.


Smith, C and Clarke, A S 2011 ‘The bird bone’, in Hodgson G W I et al The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–77. Living and working in a medieval Scottish burgh. Environmental remains and miscellaneous finds. Fascicule 4. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 53–58.


Smith, C and Hodgson, G W I 1987 ‘Animal bone’, in Holdsworth, P (ed) Excavations in the medieval burgh of Perth 1979–1981. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph 5: Edinburgh, 196–199.


Smith, C and Whyte, R undated ‘The animal bones’. Archive report for Strathearn Environs and Royal Forteviot (SERF) Project.


Smith, C, Hall, D, Habib, V, Thomas, C, Haggarty, G and Hughes, M J 2016 ‘Keeping a close watch: pottery, artefacts and faunal remains from watching briefs in Perth (PEX series)’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 21/22, 35–71. http://www.tafac.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/p35-71-Smith-et-al-proof5-1.pdf Accessed 29 April 2021.


Smout, T C, MacDonald, A R and Watson, F 2005 A history of the native woodlands of Scotland, 1500–1920. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh.


Stavert, M L 1993 The Perth Guildry Book 1452–1601. Scottish Record Society New Series 19: Edinburgh.


Stevens, R E, Jacobi, R M and Higham, T F G 2010 ‘Reassessing the diet of Upper Palaeolithic humans from Gough’s Cave and Sun Hole, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK’, Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 52–61.


Stevenson, S 1995 ‘The excavation of a kerbed cairn at Beech Hill House, Couper Angus, Perthshire’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 197–235.


Stones, J A (ed) 1989 Three Scottish Carmelite friaries. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph 6: Edinburgh.


Strachan, D 2013 Excavations at Black Spout, Pitlochry and the Iron Age monumental roundhouses of north west Perthshire. Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust: Perth.


Strachan, D, Cook, M and McLaren, D forthcoming Three forts of the Tay: excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy 2014-17. Archaeopress: Oxford.


Strachan, D, Sneddon, D and Tipping, R 2019 Early medieval settlement in Upland Perthshire: excavations at Lair, Glen Shee 2012-17. Archaeopress: Oxford.


Stratigos, M J 2016 ‘The lost lochs of Scotland: tracking land-use change and its effects on the archaeological record’, Journal of Wetland Archaeology 16(1), 33–51.


Stratigos, M J 2018 ‘Loch drainage and improvement in Scotland’, Landscape History 39(2), 71–89.


Stronach, S 2003 ‘Archaeological evidence for the evolution of medieval South Street, Perth’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 9, 74–84.

back to the top


Thery-Parisot, I, Chabal, L and Chrzavez, J 2010 ‘Anthracology and taphonomy, from wood gathering to charcoal analysis. A review of the taphomomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts’, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology 291, 142–153. 


Tipping, R 1994 ‘The form and fate of Scotland’s woodlands’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 124, 1–54.


Tipping, R 1995 ‘Holocene landscape change at Carn Dubh, near Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland’, Journal of Quaternary Science 10, 59–75.


Tipping, R 2002 ‘Climatic variability and ‘marginal’ settlement in upland British landscapes: a re-evaluation’, Landscapes 3, 10–29.


Tipping, R, Edmonds, M and Sheridan, A 1993 ‘Palaeoenvironmental investigations directly associated with a Neolithic axe ‘quarry’ on Beinn Lawers, near Killin, Perthshire, Scotland’, New Phytologist 123, 585–597.


Tipping, R, McCulloch, R and Tisdall, E 2009a ‘Field by field: Historic period environmental change on a hill farming landscape at Ben Lawers using spatially precise pollen- and peat-stratigraphic analyses’. Unpublished report to the National Trust for Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and Partners in the Ben Lawers Historic Landscape Project.


Tipping, R, Bunting, M J, Davies, A L, Murray, H, Fraser, S and McCulloch, R 2009b ‘Modelling land use around an Early Neolithic timber hall in north east Scotland from high spatial resolution pollen analyses’, Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 140–149.


Tipping, R, McCulloch, R and Tisdall, E 2016 ‘Change and crisis in upland farming from pollen analyses on Ben Lawers c.AD1200 to c.AD1700’, Forth Naturalist and Historian 39, 5–15.


Tipping, R and Milburn, P 2000 ‘Mid-Holocene charcoal fall in southern Scotland – temporal and spatial variability’, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 164, 177–193.


Tipping, R and Tisdall, E 2005 ‘The landscape context of the Antonine Wall: a review of the literature’, Proceeding of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 135, 443–469.


Turney, C S M, Jones, R T, Thomas, Z A, Palmer, J G and Brown, D 2016 ‘Extreme wet conditions coincident with Bronze Age abandonment of upland areas in Britain’, Anthropocene 13, 69–79.


Taylor, D B 1982 ‘Excavation of a promontory fort, broch and souterrain at Hurly Hawkin, Angus’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 112, 215–253.


Thomas, C 2012 ‘The leather’, in The Perth High Street archaeological excavation 1975–77. Fascicule 3. The textiles and the leather. Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee: Perth, 147–299.

back to the top

back to the top


van der Veen, M 1992 Crop husbandry regimes: an archaeobotanical study of farming in northern England 1000BC – AD500. JR Collis Publications: Sheffield.


van der Veen, M, Livardi, A and Hill, A 2010 The archaeobotany of Roman Britain: current state and identification of research priorities. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.


van der Veen, M, Livardi, A and Hill, A 2013 The archaeobotany of Medieval Britain (c.AD450–1500) Identifying research priorities for the 21st century. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

back to the top


Whittington, G and Edwards, K J 1993 ‘“Ubi solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant”: the Romans in Scotland, a palaeoenvironmental contribution’, Britannia 24, 13–25.


Whyte, I D 2014. Scotlnd before the Industrial Revolution: an economic and social history c.1050–c. 1750. Routledge: London.


Wickham-Jones, C R, Noble, G, Fraser, S M, Warren, G, Tipping, R, Paterson, D, Mithen, W, Hamilton, D and Clarke, A 2020 ‘New evidence for upland occupation in the Mesolithic Scotland Cairngorms’, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 86, 13–42.


Wilkinson, G 1975 Trees in the Wild. Book Cub Associates: London. 


Wilson, C A, Davidson, D A and Cresser, M S 2005 ‘An evaluation of multielement analysis of historic soil contamination to differentiate space use and former function in and around abandoned farms’, The Holocene 15(7), 1094–1099.


Wilson, C A, Davidson, D A and Cresser, M S 2008 ‘Multi-element soil analysis: an assessment of its potential as an aid to archaeological interpretation’, Journal of Archaeological Science 35(2), 412–424.


Wilson, C A, Davidson, D A and Cresser, M S 2009 ‘An evaluation of the site specificity of soil elemental signatures for identifying and interpreting former functional areas’, Journal of Archaeological Science 36(10), 2327–2334.


Winlow, S 2010 ‘A Review of Pictish Burial Practices in Tayside and Fife’, in Driscoll, S T, Geddes, J and Hall, M A (eds) Pictish Progress, New Studies on Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages. Brill: Leiden, 335–370.


Winlow, S and Cook, G 2010 ‘Two new dates from two old investigations: a reconsideration of the Women’s Knowe, Inchtuthil and Kingoodie long cist cemetery, Invergowrie’, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 16, 48–56.

back to the top

back to the top


Yalden, D 1991 The history of British mammals. T. and A. D. Poyser: London.

back to the top